In what century did the earliest examples of medical specialization start to appear?

The emergence of medical specialization can be traced back to the advancements and growth in the field of medicine during the 19th century. This period marked critical developments in surgical techniques, the understanding of diseases, and the establishment of more defined roles within the medical profession.

During the 19th century, there were significant innovations such as anesthesia and antiseptic techniques, which allowed for more complex surgeries and treatments, leading to the necessity for specialists in various medical fields. Additionally, as medical knowledge expanded, the practice began to shift from a broad understanding of medicine to more focused areas of expertise, laying the groundwork for the diverse specialties we see today.

This shift was also influenced by the establishment of medical schools and professional societies that emphasized specialized training and education. Therefore, the 19th century is recognized as a pivotal time when the foundations for medical specialization were firmly set in place.